35. The tall handsome left-handed pitcher, who was thought to be a rising star in baseball, has become ato histeam since a severe injury in his left shoulder.
36. When Patricia walked out to the beach for a stroll, she could hardly open her eyes because of the _____ sunlight.
(A)ejecting
(B)glaring
(C)jeering
(D)ousting
解析
(A)錯誤。eject 指噴出、驅逐。
(B)正確。glaring 意為「刺眼的、耀眼的」。陽光刺眼使她幾乎睜不開眼睛，前後因果相合。
(C)錯誤。jeer 指嘲弄。
(D)錯誤。oust 指驅逐、罷黜。
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111年公務人員高等考試三級考試暨普通考試｜法學知識與英文｜第 36 題
37. Studies have shown that early adversity can have a profound lifelong effect on one’s coping with personaldevelopment, social relationships, and career _____.
(A)counseling
(B)statistics
(C)professionals
(D)trajectories
解析
(A)錯誤。counseling 指諮商輔導，與並列的 personal development、social relationships 不對稱。
38. New projects ____ to years of fighting among interest groups and endless political quarrels.
(A)capitalized
(B)succumbed
(C)interrogated
(D)approached
解析
(A)錯誤。capitalize on 指利用某事獲利，語意不合。
(B)正確。succumb to 意為「屈服於、敗給」。新計畫最終敗給了利益團體間長達數年的角力與沒完沒了的政治爭吵。
(C)錯誤。interrogate 指審問，受詞須為人。
(D)錯誤。approach 指接近或著手處理，與 to 搭配時語意不通。
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111年公務人員高等考試三級考試暨普通考試｜法學知識與英文｜第 38 題
39. Many scholars have reported that a recent publication on the gender pay gap is highly; they particularlycriticize the reach team’s sampling procedure.
In business or in daily life, when dealing with the things we know, we can plan accordingly and expect them to go asplanned. However good business or personal plans may be, they can sometimes ___(41)___ because of unexpected eventsor circumstances, which are often called contingencies. Success sometimes reflects the number of calculated risks we arewilling to take, both personally and professionally. That is why contingency planning is so important for it allows activerisk management and ___(42)___ preparation rather than reactive decisions when faced with an emergency, which can resultin failure.In business a contingency, either externally or internally, is generally negative, and it may influence the financialhealth, professional image, or market share of a company. ___(43)___ , such unexpected development can likewise be asurprising windfall, for example, a giant order. Anything ___(44)___ that upsets a company’s normal operation can hurt thecompany regardless of the possibility that the interruption is a direct result of a windfall. It should, therefore, be a normalpart of the business planning process to ___(45)___ potential threats and opportunities. Seeing to this can ensure thatspecific contingency plans and resources are well-prepared to deal with them.
In business or in daily life, when dealing with the things we know, we can plan accordingly and expect them to go asplanned. However good business or personal plans may be, they can sometimes ___(41)___ because of unexpected eventsor circumstances, which are often called contingencies. Success sometimes reflects the number of calculated risks we arewilling to take, both personally and professionally. That is why contingency planning is so important for it allows activerisk management and ___(42)___ preparation rather than reactive decisions when faced with an emergency, which can resultin failure.In business a contingency, either externally or internally, is generally negative, and it may influence the financialhealth, professional image, or market share of a company. ___(43)___ , such unexpected development can likewise be asurprising windfall, for example, a giant order. Anything ___(44)___ that upsets a company’s normal operation can hurt thecompany regardless of the possibility that the interruption is a direct result of a windfall. It should, therefore, be a normalpart of the business planning process to ___(45)___ potential threats and opportunities. Seeing to this can ensure thatspecific contingency plans and resources are well-prepared to deal with them.
In business or in daily life, when dealing with the things we know, we can plan accordingly and expect them to go asplanned. However good business or personal plans may be, they can sometimes ___(41)___ because of unexpected eventsor circumstances, which are often called contingencies. Success sometimes reflects the number of calculated risks we arewilling to take, both personally and professionally. That is why contingency planning is so important for it allows activerisk management and ___(42)___ preparation rather than reactive decisions when faced with an emergency, which can resultin failure.In business a contingency, either externally or internally, is generally negative, and it may influence the financialhealth, professional image, or market share of a company. ___(43)___ , such unexpected development can likewise be asurprising windfall, for example, a giant order. Anything ___(44)___ that upsets a company’s normal operation can hurt thecompany regardless of the possibility that the interruption is a direct result of a windfall. It should, therefore, be a normalpart of the business planning process to ___(45)___ potential threats and opportunities. Seeing to this can ensure thatspecific contingency plans and resources are well-prepared to deal with them.
In business or in daily life, when dealing with the things we know, we can plan accordingly and expect them to go asplanned. However good business or personal plans may be, they can sometimes ___(41)___ because of unexpected eventsor circumstances, which are often called contingencies. Success sometimes reflects the number of calculated risks we arewilling to take, both personally and professionally. That is why contingency planning is so important for it allows activerisk management and ___(42)___ preparation rather than reactive decisions when faced with an emergency, which can resultin failure.In business a contingency, either externally or internally, is generally negative, and it may influence the financialhealth, professional image, or market share of a company. ___(43)___ , such unexpected development can likewise be asurprising windfall, for example, a giant order. Anything ___(44)___ that upsets a company’s normal operation can hurt thecompany regardless of the possibility that the interruption is a direct result of a windfall. It should, therefore, be a normalpart of the business planning process to ___(45)___ potential threats and opportunities. Seeing to this can ensure thatspecific contingency plans and resources are well-prepared to deal with them.
(A)across the board
(B)in due course
(C)out of the blue
(D)up in the air
解析
(A)錯誤。across the board 指全面性地。
(B)錯誤。in due course 指在適當的時候。
(C)正確。out of the blue 意為「突如其來、意想不到」。任何突然打亂公司正常運作的事情都可能造成傷害，即使那是好事，語意與全段的 contingency 主題一致。
(D)錯誤。up in the air 指懸而未決。
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111年公務人員高等考試三級考試暨普通考試｜法學知識與英文｜第 44 題
45. 依上文，選出第 45 格最適當的答案。
In business or in daily life, when dealing with the things we know, we can plan accordingly and expect them to go asplanned. However good business or personal plans may be, they can sometimes ___(41)___ because of unexpected eventsor circumstances, which are often called contingencies. Success sometimes reflects the number of calculated risks we arewilling to take, both personally and professionally. That is why contingency planning is so important for it allows activerisk management and ___(42)___ preparation rather than reactive decisions when faced with an emergency, which can resultin failure.In business a contingency, either externally or internally, is generally negative, and it may influence the financialhealth, professional image, or market share of a company. ___(43)___ , such unexpected development can likewise be asurprising windfall, for example, a giant order. Anything ___(44)___ that upsets a company’s normal operation can hurt thecompany regardless of the possibility that the interruption is a direct result of a windfall. It should, therefore, be a normalpart of the business planning process to ___(45)___ potential threats and opportunities. Seeing to this can ensure thatspecific contingency plans and resources are well-prepared to deal with them.
Before there were alarm clocks, how did people wake up at a specific time they wanted to in the morning? Since theIndustrial Revolution began in the 1780s, people had been finding ways to make sure they got to work on time. Backthen, a knocker-up, also known as a “knocker-upper,” started as a profession to wake people up by knocking on theirdoors or windows.Even though alarm clocks had been invented in 1787 by American inventor, Levi Hutchins, they were not yet availableto the general public in Britain or Ireland. It was common for people in these places to hire knocker-ups to wake themup in the morning. Half a century after the invention of alarm clocks, Frenchman Antoine Redier patented an adjustablealarm clock in 1847. Still, mechanical alarm clocks were not cheap or widely available. Well into the 1920s, most workersin Britain would rather hire knocker-ups.Knocker-ups used a variety of methods to wake up their clients. Some used a baton, or a short, heavy stick, to knockon the client’s door. Some used a long and light stick made of bamboo to reach the client’s window on a higher floor.Still others used a pea-shooter, through which small objects can be blown, to shoot dried peas at their clients’ windows.Their job was to rouse the sleeping clients, and they certainly came up with creative ways to achieve this goal. Knocker-ups would not leave a client’s door or window until they made sure that the client had been awaken.There were large numbers of people carrying out the job, especially in large industrial towns such as Manchester.Knocker-ups were generally elderly men and women, but sometimes police officers would take on the job to earn extraincome by performing the task during early morning patrols. But who woke the knocker-uppers? A tongue-twister fromthe time goes like this:We had a knocker-up, and our knocker-up had a knocker-upAnd our knocker-up’s knocker-up didn’t knock our knocker upSo our knocker-up didn’t knock us up‘Cos he’s not up.By the 1950s, knocking up had gradually died out in most places due to the wide spread of electricity and affordablealarm clocks. Today, people merely read about anecdotes regarding how knocker-ups woke up their clients creatively ora fun tongue-twister like the one above.
(A)To make noise on windows, knocker-ups often relied on long, light bamboo sticks.
(B)To accomplish their tasks, knocker-ups would not leave until their clients woke up.
(C)To wake up their clients, knocker-ups used a tool from which they could shoot dried peas.
(D)To ensure a successful job, knocker-ups had adopted several creative knocking-up methods.
解析
(A)錯誤。竹竿只是文中所舉方法之一，不足以概括整段。
(B)錯誤。不確認客戶醒來就不離開，是該段末句的補充，非全段主旨。
(C)錯誤。豌豆吹管同樣只是其中一種方法。
(D)正確。該段先後列舉短棍、長竹竿與豌豆吹管三種工具，並以「certainly came up with creative ways」作結；主旨正是叫醒人為完成任務所發展出的各種創意方法。
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111年公務人員高等考試三級考試暨普通考試｜法學知識與英文｜第 46 題
47. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
Before there were alarm clocks, how did people wake up at a specific time they wanted to in the morning? Since theIndustrial Revolution began in the 1780s, people had been finding ways to make sure they got to work on time. Backthen, a knocker-up, also known as a “knocker-upper,” started as a profession to wake people up by knocking on theirdoors or windows.Even though alarm clocks had been invented in 1787 by American inventor, Levi Hutchins, they were not yet availableto the general public in Britain or Ireland. It was common for people in these places to hire knocker-ups to wake themup in the morning. Half a century after the invention of alarm clocks, Frenchman Antoine Redier patented an adjustablealarm clock in 1847. Still, mechanical alarm clocks were not cheap or widely available. Well into the 1920s, most workersin Britain would rather hire knocker-ups.Knocker-ups used a variety of methods to wake up their clients. Some used a baton, or a short, heavy stick, to knockon the client’s door. Some used a long and light stick made of bamboo to reach the client’s window on a higher floor.Still others used a pea-shooter, through which small objects can be blown, to shoot dried peas at their clients’ windows.Their job was to rouse the sleeping clients, and they certainly came up with creative ways to achieve this goal. Knocker-ups would not leave a client’s door or window until they made sure that the client had been awaken.There were large numbers of people carrying out the job, especially in large industrial towns such as Manchester.Knocker-ups were generally elderly men and women, but sometimes police officers would take on the job to earn extraincome by performing the task during early morning patrols. But who woke the knocker-uppers? A tongue-twister fromthe time goes like this:We had a knocker-up, and our knocker-up had a knocker-upAnd our knocker-up’s knocker-up didn’t knock our knocker upSo our knocker-up didn’t knock us up‘Cos he’s not up.By the 1950s, knocking up had gradually died out in most places due to the wide spread of electricity and affordablealarm clocks. Today, people merely read about anecdotes regarding how knocker-ups woke up their clients creatively ora fun tongue-twister like the one above.
(A)The alarm clock was patented by an American inventor in 1787.
(B)People continued to hire knocker-ups even after the alarm clocks were invented.
(C)In Britain and Ireland today, knocker-ups are still doing their jobs in industrial towns.
(D)During their morning patrols, police officers would watch out for knocker-ups’ safety.
48. Which of the following best replaces “anecdotes” in the last paragraph?
Before there were alarm clocks, how did people wake up at a specific time they wanted to in the morning? Since theIndustrial Revolution began in the 1780s, people had been finding ways to make sure they got to work on time. Backthen, a knocker-up, also known as a “knocker-upper,” started as a profession to wake people up by knocking on theirdoors or windows.Even though alarm clocks had been invented in 1787 by American inventor, Levi Hutchins, they were not yet availableto the general public in Britain or Ireland. It was common for people in these places to hire knocker-ups to wake themup in the morning. Half a century after the invention of alarm clocks, Frenchman Antoine Redier patented an adjustablealarm clock in 1847. Still, mechanical alarm clocks were not cheap or widely available. Well into the 1920s, most workersin Britain would rather hire knocker-ups.Knocker-ups used a variety of methods to wake up their clients. Some used a baton, or a short, heavy stick, to knockon the client’s door. Some used a long and light stick made of bamboo to reach the client’s window on a higher floor.Still others used a pea-shooter, through which small objects can be blown, to shoot dried peas at their clients’ windows.Their job was to rouse the sleeping clients, and they certainly came up with creative ways to achieve this goal. Knocker-ups would not leave a client’s door or window until they made sure that the client had been awaken.There were large numbers of people carrying out the job, especially in large industrial towns such as Manchester.Knocker-ups were generally elderly men and women, but sometimes police officers would take on the job to earn extraincome by performing the task during early morning patrols. But who woke the knocker-uppers? A tongue-twister fromthe time goes like this:We had a knocker-up, and our knocker-up had a knocker-upAnd our knocker-up’s knocker-up didn’t knock our knocker upSo our knocker-up didn’t knock us up‘Cos he’s not up.By the 1950s, knocking up had gradually died out in most places due to the wide spread of electricity and affordablealarm clocks. Today, people merely read about anecdotes regarding how knocker-ups woke up their clients creatively ora fun tongue-twister like the one above.
49. Which of the following best summarizes the tongue-twister mentioned in the passage?
Before there were alarm clocks, how did people wake up at a specific time they wanted to in the morning? Since theIndustrial Revolution began in the 1780s, people had been finding ways to make sure they got to work on time. Backthen, a knocker-up, also known as a “knocker-upper,” started as a profession to wake people up by knocking on theirdoors or windows.Even though alarm clocks had been invented in 1787 by American inventor, Levi Hutchins, they were not yet availableto the general public in Britain or Ireland. It was common for people in these places to hire knocker-ups to wake themup in the morning. Half a century after the invention of alarm clocks, Frenchman Antoine Redier patented an adjustablealarm clock in 1847. Still, mechanical alarm clocks were not cheap or widely available. Well into the 1920s, most workersin Britain would rather hire knocker-ups.Knocker-ups used a variety of methods to wake up their clients. Some used a baton, or a short, heavy stick, to knockon the client’s door. Some used a long and light stick made of bamboo to reach the client’s window on a higher floor.Still others used a pea-shooter, through which small objects can be blown, to shoot dried peas at their clients’ windows.Their job was to rouse the sleeping clients, and they certainly came up with creative ways to achieve this goal. Knocker-ups would not leave a client’s door or window until they made sure that the client had been awaken.There were large numbers of people carrying out the job, especially in large industrial towns such as Manchester.Knocker-ups were generally elderly men and women, but sometimes police officers would take on the job to earn extraincome by performing the task during early morning patrols. But who woke the knocker-uppers? A tongue-twister fromthe time goes like this:We had a knocker-up, and our knocker-up had a knocker-upAnd our knocker-up’s knocker-up didn’t knock our knocker upSo our knocker-up didn’t knock us up‘Cos he’s not up.By the 1950s, knocking up had gradually died out in most places due to the wide spread of electricity and affordablealarm clocks. Today, people merely read about anecdotes regarding how knocker-ups woke up their clients creatively ora fun tongue-twister like the one above.
(A)Our knocker-up’s knocker-up forgot to wake us up.
(B)Our knocker-up’s knocker-up failed to wake him up.
(C)We overslept because our knocker-up took the day off.
(D)We did not sleep well because our knocker-up was sick.
50. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?
Before there were alarm clocks, how did people wake up at a specific time they wanted to in the morning? Since theIndustrial Revolution began in the 1780s, people had been finding ways to make sure they got to work on time. Backthen, a knocker-up, also known as a “knocker-upper,” started as a profession to wake people up by knocking on theirdoors or windows.Even though alarm clocks had been invented in 1787 by American inventor, Levi Hutchins, they were not yet availableto the general public in Britain or Ireland. It was common for people in these places to hire knocker-ups to wake themup in the morning. Half a century after the invention of alarm clocks, Frenchman Antoine Redier patented an adjustablealarm clock in 1847. Still, mechanical alarm clocks were not cheap or widely available. Well into the 1920s, most workersin Britain would rather hire knocker-ups.Knocker-ups used a variety of methods to wake up their clients. Some used a baton, or a short, heavy stick, to knockon the client’s door. Some used a long and light stick made of bamboo to reach the client’s window on a higher floor.Still others used a pea-shooter, through which small objects can be blown, to shoot dried peas at their clients’ windows.Their job was to rouse the sleeping clients, and they certainly came up with creative ways to achieve this goal. Knocker-ups would not leave a client’s door or window until they made sure that the client had been awaken.There were large numbers of people carrying out the job, especially in large industrial towns such as Manchester.Knocker-ups were generally elderly men and women, but sometimes police officers would take on the job to earn extraincome by performing the task during early morning patrols. But who woke the knocker-uppers? A tongue-twister fromthe time goes like this:We had a knocker-up, and our knocker-up had a knocker-upAnd our knocker-up’s knocker-up didn’t knock our knocker upSo our knocker-up didn’t knock us up‘Cos he’s not up.By the 1950s, knocking up had gradually died out in most places due to the wide spread of electricity and affordablealarm clocks. Today, people merely read about anecdotes regarding how knocker-ups woke up their clients creatively ora fun tongue-twister like the one above.
(A)Knocker-ups preferred to get into the houses of their clients’ to wake them up.
(B)Antoine Redier made a fortune by selling mechanical alarm clocks to workers.
(C)British workers greatly appreciated Levi Hutchin’s invention of the alarm clock.
(D)Police officers during the Industrial Revolution were not paid very well at work.
87. To reduce pollution, the government resorts to renewable or ____ energy resources such as solar energy andbioenergy.
(A)alternative
(B)explicit
(C)resistant
(D)skeptical
解析
(A)正確。alternative energy 指替代能源，與前面的 renewable 並列，後面所舉的太陽能與生質能正是其實例。
(B)錯誤。explicit 指明確的。
(C)錯誤。resistant 指有抵抗力的。
(D)錯誤。skeptical 指懷疑的，用於形容人的態度。
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111年公務人員高等考試三級考試暨普通考試｜法學知識與英文｜第 37 題
88. Please handle the glassware with extreme caution. They are.
(A)feeble
(B)fragile
(C)fragrant
(D)feasible
解析
(A)錯誤。feeble 指虛弱無力的，多形容人或聲音。
(B)正確。fragile 意為「易碎的」。玻璃器皿易碎，故須極為小心搬運，前後因果清楚。
(C)錯誤。fragrant 指芬芳的。
(D)錯誤。feasible 指可行的。
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111年公務人員高等考試三級考試暨普通考試｜法學知識與英文｜第 38 題
89. The ____ of depression are not fully understood but are likely to be a complex combination of genetic,environmental, and psychosocial factors.
(A)causes
(B)effects
(C)resources
(D)cures
解析
(A)正確。後半句列舉基因、環境與心理社會因素的複雜組合，正是在說明憂鬱症的「成因」。
(B)錯誤。effects 指影響或後果，與所列的因素性質相反。
(C)錯誤。resources 指資源。
(D)錯誤。cures 指療法，基因與環境因素不是治療方式。
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111年公務人員高等考試三級考試暨普通考試｜法學知識與英文｜第 39 題
90. The police found a largeof drugs in the man’s vehicle and he was arrested on the spot.
(A)audience
(B)distance
(C)multiple
(D)quantity
解析
(A)錯誤。audience 指觀眾，不能用來計量毒品。
(B)錯誤。distance 指距離。
(C)錯誤。multiple 是形容詞或名詞「倍數」，不與 a large 搭配表示數量。
(D)正確。a large quantity of 是「大量的」固定用法。警方在車內查獲大量毒品而當場逮捕該男子，語意完整。
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111年公務人員高等考試三級考試暨普通考試｜法學知識與英文｜第 40 題
91. 依上文，選出第 41 格最適當的答案。
Have you noticed the phenomenon of puppy dog eyes, the inner eyebrow raising movement of dogs? Do you believe ita result of ___(41)___ for dogs to appeal to humans? Researchers dissected dog and wolf heads and found that the facial muscleanatomy of both animals was almost identical -- ___(42)___ an eyebrow muscle, found only in dogs. The inner eyebrow raisingmovement makes the dogs’ eyes appear larger and more infant like, ___(43)___ prompts a “nurturing” response in humans.When dogs make the movement, it seems to elicit a strong desire in humans to ___(44)___ them. This would give the dogsthat moved their eyebrows more a selection advantage over others, reinforcing the trait in ___(45)___ generations. The findingsshow how important faces can be in capturing our attention, and how powerful facial expression can be in social interaction.
Have you noticed the phenomenon of puppy dog eyes, the inner eyebrow raising movement of dogs? Do you believe ita result of ___(41)___ for dogs to appeal to humans? Researchers dissected dog and wolf heads and found that the facial muscleanatomy of both animals was almost identical -- ___(42)___ an eyebrow muscle, found only in dogs. The inner eyebrow raisingmovement makes the dogs’ eyes appear larger and more infant like, ___(43)___ prompts a “nurturing” response in humans.When dogs make the movement, it seems to elicit a strong desire in humans to ___(44)___ them. This would give the dogsthat moved their eyebrows more a selection advantage over others, reinforcing the trait in ___(45)___ generations. The findingsshow how important faces can be in capturing our attention, and how powerful facial expression can be in social interaction.
Have you noticed the phenomenon of puppy dog eyes, the inner eyebrow raising movement of dogs? Do you believe ita result of ___(41)___ for dogs to appeal to humans? Researchers dissected dog and wolf heads and found that the facial muscleanatomy of both animals was almost identical -- ___(42)___ an eyebrow muscle, found only in dogs. The inner eyebrow raisingmovement makes the dogs’ eyes appear larger and more infant like, ___(43)___ prompts a “nurturing” response in humans.When dogs make the movement, it seems to elicit a strong desire in humans to ___(44)___ them. This would give the dogsthat moved their eyebrows more a selection advantage over others, reinforcing the trait in ___(45)___ generations. The findingsshow how important faces can be in capturing our attention, and how powerful facial expression can be in social interaction.
Have you noticed the phenomenon of puppy dog eyes, the inner eyebrow raising movement of dogs? Do you believe ita result of ___(41)___ for dogs to appeal to humans? Researchers dissected dog and wolf heads and found that the facial muscleanatomy of both animals was almost identical -- ___(42)___ an eyebrow muscle, found only in dogs. The inner eyebrow raisingmovement makes the dogs’ eyes appear larger and more infant like, ___(43)___ prompts a “nurturing” response in humans.When dogs make the movement, it seems to elicit a strong desire in humans to ___(44)___ them. This would give the dogsthat moved their eyebrows more a selection advantage over others, reinforcing the trait in ___(45)___ generations. The findingsshow how important faces can be in capturing our attention, and how powerful facial expression can be in social interaction.
(A)carry out
(B)make up
(C)look after
(D)take over
解析
(A)錯誤。carry out 指執行任務。
(B)錯誤。make up 指編造、化妝或組成。
(C)正確。look after 意為「照顧」。前句提到這會引發人類的 nurturing response，此處正是說它激起人強烈的照顧慾望，前後呼應。
(D)錯誤。take over 指接管。
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111年公務人員高等考試三級考試暨普通考試｜法學知識與英文｜第 44 題
95. 依上文，選出第 45 格最適當的答案。
Have you noticed the phenomenon of puppy dog eyes, the inner eyebrow raising movement of dogs? Do you believe ita result of ___(41)___ for dogs to appeal to humans? Researchers dissected dog and wolf heads and found that the facial muscleanatomy of both animals was almost identical -- ___(42)___ an eyebrow muscle, found only in dogs. The inner eyebrow raisingmovement makes the dogs’ eyes appear larger and more infant like, ___(43)___ prompts a “nurturing” response in humans.When dogs make the movement, it seems to elicit a strong desire in humans to ___(44)___ them. This would give the dogsthat moved their eyebrows more a selection advantage over others, reinforcing the trait in ___(45)___ generations. The findingsshow how important faces can be in capturing our attention, and how powerful facial expression can be in social interaction.
Hikikomori is a psychological condition which makes people shut themselves off from society, often staying in theirhouses for months on end. There are at least half a million of them in Japan. It was once thought of as a young person’scondition, but sufferers are getting older and staying locked away for longer. It is an economic as well as a social threatto the country, and is seriously worrying Japanese government.As of 2015, there were 541,000 hikikomori aged 15-39 in Japan, according to government statistics. There is no dataon other age groups, suggesting that the figure is likely to be far larger. Some families are also loath to report hikikomoriin their households, Kingston said. Doctors began to observe hikikomori as a social phenomenon around the mid-1980s,when young men exhibited signs of lethargy, refused to communicate, and spent most of their time in their rooms. There’sno unifying reason why people become hikikomori. Some withdraw from society because they feel they don’t know whatto do with their lives and can no longer cope with the pressure from people around them. Others are triggered by eventsin their lives, like bad grades or heartbreak. Hikikomori feel a deep sense of shame that they cannot work at a job likeordinary people. They think of themselves as worthless and unqualified for happiness. Almost all feel remorse at havingbetrayed their parents’ expectations.As hikikomori refuse to participate in society, let alone go to work, Japan’s economy also suffers. They diminish thesize of the workforce, so they contribute to a tighter labor market. Also, they are not self-sufficient, so when familysupport dries up due to death or financial problems, they will need to rely on state assistance.Japanese government plans to set up counseling centers and have support staff visit hikikomori at home in a bid toboost the country’s flagging workforce. But some criticize this may put pressure on hikikomori. Professor Jeff Kingston,an Asian studies professor in Tokyo, said, “One can only hope that more access to various therapies and public healthcampaigns to destigmatize the phenomenon will encourage more to seek help, find it, and learn to manage their symptomsso that they can lead more productive and fulfilling lives.”
(A)A group of people who suffer and make others suffer.
(B)A phenomenon caused by the flagging economy in Japan.
(C)An efficient system to take care of the unemployed.
(D)A new medical treatment for the disease called hikikomori.
97. Which of the following is one of the causes of hikikomori mentioned in the passage?
Hikikomori is a psychological condition which makes people shut themselves off from society, often staying in theirhouses for months on end. There are at least half a million of them in Japan. It was once thought of as a young person’scondition, but sufferers are getting older and staying locked away for longer. It is an economic as well as a social threatto the country, and is seriously worrying Japanese government.As of 2015, there were 541,000 hikikomori aged 15-39 in Japan, according to government statistics. There is no dataon other age groups, suggesting that the figure is likely to be far larger. Some families are also loath to report hikikomoriin their households, Kingston said. Doctors began to observe hikikomori as a social phenomenon around the mid-1980s,when young men exhibited signs of lethargy, refused to communicate, and spent most of their time in their rooms. There’sno unifying reason why people become hikikomori. Some withdraw from society because they feel they don’t know whatto do with their lives and can no longer cope with the pressure from people around them. Others are triggered by eventsin their lives, like bad grades or heartbreak. Hikikomori feel a deep sense of shame that they cannot work at a job likeordinary people. They think of themselves as worthless and unqualified for happiness. Almost all feel remorse at havingbetrayed their parents’ expectations.As hikikomori refuse to participate in society, let alone go to work, Japan’s economy also suffers. They diminish thesize of the workforce, so they contribute to a tighter labor market. Also, they are not self-sufficient, so when familysupport dries up due to death or financial problems, they will need to rely on state assistance.Japanese government plans to set up counseling centers and have support staff visit hikikomori at home in a bid toboost the country’s flagging workforce. But some criticize this may put pressure on hikikomori. Professor Jeff Kingston,an Asian studies professor in Tokyo, said, “One can only hope that more access to various therapies and public healthcampaigns to destigmatize the phenomenon will encourage more to seek help, find it, and learn to manage their symptomsso that they can lead more productive and fulfilling lives.”
(A)A tighter labor market.
(B)A poor family background.
(C)A failed relationship.
(D)A government policy.
解析
(A)錯誤。勞動市場緊縮是繭居所造成的「結果」，不是原因。
(B)錯誤。文中未提及家庭經濟背景不佳是成因。
(C)正確。文中明白舉出觸發繭居的生活事件包括成績不佳與「heartbreak」，即感情受挫。
(D)錯誤。文中提到的政府政策是因應措施，不是成因。
答案為官方標準答案；以上解析由 AI 撰寫，非官方解析，僅供理解參考。
111年公務人員高等考試三級考試暨普通考試｜法學知識與英文｜第 47 題
98. Which of the following is one of the features of hikikomori?
Hikikomori is a psychological condition which makes people shut themselves off from society, often staying in theirhouses for months on end. There are at least half a million of them in Japan. It was once thought of as a young person’scondition, but sufferers are getting older and staying locked away for longer. It is an economic as well as a social threatto the country, and is seriously worrying Japanese government.As of 2015, there were 541,000 hikikomori aged 15-39 in Japan, according to government statistics. There is no dataon other age groups, suggesting that the figure is likely to be far larger. Some families are also loath to report hikikomoriin their households, Kingston said. Doctors began to observe hikikomori as a social phenomenon around the mid-1980s,when young men exhibited signs of lethargy, refused to communicate, and spent most of their time in their rooms. There’sno unifying reason why people become hikikomori. Some withdraw from society because they feel they don’t know whatto do with their lives and can no longer cope with the pressure from people around them. Others are triggered by eventsin their lives, like bad grades or heartbreak. Hikikomori feel a deep sense of shame that they cannot work at a job likeordinary people. They think of themselves as worthless and unqualified for happiness. Almost all feel remorse at havingbetrayed their parents’ expectations.As hikikomori refuse to participate in society, let alone go to work, Japan’s economy also suffers. They diminish thesize of the workforce, so they contribute to a tighter labor market. Also, they are not self-sufficient, so when familysupport dries up due to death or financial problems, they will need to rely on state assistance.Japanese government plans to set up counseling centers and have support staff visit hikikomori at home in a bid toboost the country’s flagging workforce. But some criticize this may put pressure on hikikomori. Professor Jeff Kingston,an Asian studies professor in Tokyo, said, “One can only hope that more access to various therapies and public healthcampaigns to destigmatize the phenomenon will encourage more to seek help, find it, and learn to manage their symptomsso that they can lead more productive and fulfilling lives.”
99. According to the expert in the passage, which of the following may be the solution to the hikikomori phenomenon?
Hikikomori is a psychological condition which makes people shut themselves off from society, often staying in theirhouses for months on end. There are at least half a million of them in Japan. It was once thought of as a young person’scondition, but sufferers are getting older and staying locked away for longer. It is an economic as well as a social threatto the country, and is seriously worrying Japanese government.As of 2015, there were 541,000 hikikomori aged 15-39 in Japan, according to government statistics. There is no dataon other age groups, suggesting that the figure is likely to be far larger. Some families are also loath to report hikikomoriin their households, Kingston said. Doctors began to observe hikikomori as a social phenomenon around the mid-1980s,when young men exhibited signs of lethargy, refused to communicate, and spent most of their time in their rooms. There’sno unifying reason why people become hikikomori. Some withdraw from society because they feel they don’t know whatto do with their lives and can no longer cope with the pressure from people around them. Others are triggered by eventsin their lives, like bad grades or heartbreak. Hikikomori feel a deep sense of shame that they cannot work at a job likeordinary people. They think of themselves as worthless and unqualified for happiness. Almost all feel remorse at havingbetrayed their parents’ expectations.As hikikomori refuse to participate in society, let alone go to work, Japan’s economy also suffers. They diminish thesize of the workforce, so they contribute to a tighter labor market. Also, they are not self-sufficient, so when familysupport dries up due to death or financial problems, they will need to rely on state assistance.Japanese government plans to set up counseling centers and have support staff visit hikikomori at home in a bid toboost the country’s flagging workforce. But some criticize this may put pressure on hikikomori. Professor Jeff Kingston,an Asian studies professor in Tokyo, said, “One can only hope that more access to various therapies and public healthcampaigns to destigmatize the phenomenon will encourage more to seek help, find it, and learn to manage their symptomsso that they can lead more productive and fulfilling lives.”
(A)Organizing campaigns to encourage them to seek help.
(B)Sending support staff to visit them more often.
(C)Giving money and job to families with hikikomori.
(D)Forcing them to hospitals to receive therapies.
100. According to the passage, which of the following is one of the bad influences that hikikomori impose on Japanesesociety?
Hikikomori is a psychological condition which makes people shut themselves off from society, often staying in theirhouses for months on end. There are at least half a million of them in Japan. It was once thought of as a young person’scondition, but sufferers are getting older and staying locked away for longer. It is an economic as well as a social threatto the country, and is seriously worrying Japanese government.As of 2015, there were 541,000 hikikomori aged 15-39 in Japan, according to government statistics. There is no dataon other age groups, suggesting that the figure is likely to be far larger. Some families are also loath to report hikikomoriin their households, Kingston said. Doctors began to observe hikikomori as a social phenomenon around the mid-1980s,when young men exhibited signs of lethargy, refused to communicate, and spent most of their time in their rooms. There’sno unifying reason why people become hikikomori. Some withdraw from society because they feel they don’t know whatto do with their lives and can no longer cope with the pressure from people around them. Others are triggered by eventsin their lives, like bad grades or heartbreak. Hikikomori feel a deep sense of shame that they cannot work at a job likeordinary people. They think of themselves as worthless and unqualified for happiness. Almost all feel remorse at havingbetrayed their parents’ expectations.As hikikomori refuse to participate in society, let alone go to work, Japan’s economy also suffers. They diminish thesize of the workforce, so they contribute to a tighter labor market. Also, they are not self-sufficient, so when familysupport dries up due to death or financial problems, they will need to rely on state assistance.Japanese government plans to set up counseling centers and have support staff visit hikikomori at home in a bid toboost the country’s flagging workforce. But some criticize this may put pressure on hikikomori. Professor Jeff Kingston,an Asian studies professor in Tokyo, said, “One can only hope that more access to various therapies and public healthcampaigns to destigmatize the phenomenon will encourage more to seek help, find it, and learn to manage their symptomsso that they can lead more productive and fulfilling lives.”
(A)They make up the main workforce in Japan.
(B)They become financial burdens to the government.
(C)They make people in the society more indifferent.
(D)They bring shame and pain to the family and country.