(D)錯誤。本題要選敘述錯誤者。污染造成的福祉損失不會從 GDP 中扣除，甚至防治支出還會使 GDP 增加。
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111年特種考試地方政府公務人員考試｜公民與英文｜第 35 題
36. Recent studies suggest that the technological tools we use to make our lives easier are doing--we areworking longer hours and taking fewer vacations.
(A)whatever is expected
(B)just the opposite
(C)the fair share
(D)as much as can be
解析
(A)錯誤。whatever is expected 意為「一如預期」，與破折號後描述的意外結果相反。
42. According to this passage, what does "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainlybe right." mean?
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, somedayyou'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked inthe mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I amabout to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to changesomething.Remembering "I'll be dead soon" is enough to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything--allexternal expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure--these things just fall away in the face of death,leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid thetrap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
(A)Life is short, so we should always try our best to make ourselves happy.
(B)Life is full of dangers, so we should always be careful.
(C)Everyone will die, so we should recognize what is truly important in life.
(D)Death is the fate that everyone shares, so we should not be afraid.
43. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to this passage?
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, somedayyou'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked inthe mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I amabout to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to changesomething.Remembering "I'll be dead soon" is enough to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything--allexternal expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure--these things just fall away in the face of death,leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid thetrap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
(A)If today were my last day, I can do whatever I want.
(B)Knowing we'll die soon may help us make the right choice.
(C)Remembering that I am going to die is the best way to overcome challenges.
(D)If you know you are already naked, you may avoid worrying about losing things in life.
44. According to this passage, what is the writer's attitude toward life?
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, somedayyou'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked inthe mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I amabout to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to changesomething.Remembering "I'll be dead soon" is enough to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything--allexternal expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure--these things just fall away in the face of death,leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid thetrap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
45. According to the passage, how should we face death?
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, somedayyou'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked inthe mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I amabout to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to changesomething.Remembering "I'll be dead soon" is enough to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything--allexternal expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure--these things just fall away in the face of death,leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid thetrap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
46. Which of the following may be the best title of the passage?
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, somedayyou'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked inthe mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I amabout to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to changesomething.Remembering "I'll be dead soon" is enough to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything--allexternal expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure--these things just fall away in the face of death,leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid thetrap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
Most progress against air-pollution has been cheaper than expected. Smog controls on automobiles, forexample, were ___(47)___ to cost thousands of dollars for each vehicle. Today's new cars emit less than 2 percent asmuch smog-forming pollution as the cars of 1970, and the cars are still as affordable today as they were then. Acid-rain control has cost about 10 percent of what was expected in 1990, when Congress ___(48)___ new rules. At thattime, opponents said the regulations would cause a "clean-air recession"; ___(49)___ , the economy boomed.Greenhouse gases, being global, are the biggest air-pollution problem the world ever ___(50)___ .
(A)predicted
(B)instructed
(C)described
(D)emphasized
解析
(A)正確。空格後說每輛車要花上數千美元，而全段的主旨是「防制成本比預期便宜」，故此處應是當初「被預測」要花這麼多錢。be predicted to 正合此意。
(B)錯誤。instruct 是指示、教導，不能說成本被指示。
(C)錯誤。describe 需搭配 as，且與「預期落空」的對比無關。
(D)錯誤。emphasize 是強調，語意與句構皆不合。
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111年特種考試地方政府公務人員考試｜公民與英文｜第 47 題
48. 依上文，選出第 48 格最適當的答案。
Most progress against air-pollution has been cheaper than expected. Smog controls on automobiles, forexample, were ___(47)___ to cost thousands of dollars for each vehicle. Today's new cars emit less than 2 percent asmuch smog-forming pollution as the cars of 1970, and the cars are still as affordable today as they were then. Acid-rain control has cost about 10 percent of what was expected in 1990, when Congress ___(48)___ new rules. At thattime, opponents said the regulations would cause a "clean-air recession"; ___(49)___ , the economy boomed.Greenhouse gases, being global, are the biggest air-pollution problem the world ever ___(50)___ .
(A)enacted
(B)withdrew
(C)discovered
(D)abandoned
解析
(A)正確。主詞是 Congress，受詞是 new rules，國會對法規所為的行為是「制定、通過」，enact 正是此意；下文接著談這些規定實施後的結果，也印證規則確已成立。
(B)錯誤。withdrew 是撤回，若撤回就不會有後文的實施成本與經濟影響。
(C)錯誤。discover 是發現，國會不會「發現」自己的新規則。
(D)錯誤。abandoned 是放棄，與後文矛盾。
答案為官方標準答案；以上解析由 AI 撰寫，非官方解析，僅供理解參考。
111年特種考試地方政府公務人員考試｜公民與英文｜第 48 題
49. 依上文，選出第 49 格最適當的答案。
Most progress against air-pollution has been cheaper than expected. Smog controls on automobiles, forexample, were ___(47)___ to cost thousands of dollars for each vehicle. Today's new cars emit less than 2 percent asmuch smog-forming pollution as the cars of 1970, and the cars are still as affordable today as they were then. Acid-rain control has cost about 10 percent of what was expected in 1990, when Congress ___(48)___ new rules. At thattime, opponents said the regulations would cause a "clean-air recession"; ___(49)___ , the economy boomed.Greenhouse gases, being global, are the biggest air-pollution problem the world ever ___(50)___ .
Most progress against air-pollution has been cheaper than expected. Smog controls on automobiles, forexample, were ___(47)___ to cost thousands of dollars for each vehicle. Today's new cars emit less than 2 percent asmuch smog-forming pollution as the cars of 1970, and the cars are still as affordable today as they were then. Acid-rain control has cost about 10 percent of what was expected in 1990, when Congress ___(48)___ new rules. At thattime, opponents said the regulations would cause a "clean-air recession"; ___(49)___ , the economy boomed.Greenhouse gases, being global, are the biggest air-pollution problem the world ever ___(50)___ .
(A)faced
(B)solved
(C)happened
(D)answered
解析
(A)正確。the biggest air-pollution problem the world ever faced 意為「世界所曾面對過最大的空氣污染問題」，face 與 problem 是最自然的搭配。